Shibboleth, a quietly powerful SSO
Shibboleth is one of many SSO providers that are available in the open source identity ecosystem. Shibboleth implements SAML (also OIDC) providing IDP (Shibboleth Identity Provider 5) and SP (Shibboleth Service Provider 3) products while also providing a Discovery Service and Metadata Aggregator tools to supplement the SAML ecosystem.
In SAML the term IDP refers to the Identity Provider, which aims to protect applications or services with authentication to verify the users identity before giving them access. Meanwhile the SP refers to the Service Provider naturally referring to the service or application a user is attempting to access.
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